iOS的本地推送

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前言

iOS的推送有本地推送和远程推送两种，由于项目只需要个提示类型的，所以用本地推送就够了，所以在这里，介绍的都是iOS的本地推送。

​

推送准备

要进行iOS推送之前，需要几个准备步骤，才能进行推送行为。

  • 首先，我们需要打开Push Notification开关

Push Notification

打开之后，系统会生成一个.entitlements文件

注册通知

因为没用第三方(穷)，于是选择使用了iOS自带的推送，如果用自带推送就需要以下几个步骤注册通知

  • 1、导入头文件<UserNotifications/UserNotifications.h>以及遵守<UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate>协议

    因为兼容性的考虑，头文件最好写成这样

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    #ifdef NSFoundationVersionNumber_iOS_9_x_Max
    #import <UserNotifications/UserNotifications.h>
    #endif

  • 2、我们需要注册通知（需在Appdelegate中的-(BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions注册）：

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     if ([[UIDevice currentDevice].systemVersion floatValue] >= 10.0) {
            //iOS10特有
            UNUserNotificationCenter *center = [UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter];
            center.delegate = self;
            [center requestAuthorizationWithOptions:(UNAuthorizationOptionAlert | UNAuthorizationOptionBadge | UNAuthorizationOptionSound) completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
                if (granted) {
                    // 点击允许
                    NSLog(@"注册成功");
                    [center getNotificationSettingsWithCompletionHandler:^(UNNotificationSettings * _Nonnull settings) {
                        NSLog(@"%@", settings);
                    }];
                } else {
                    // 点击不允许
                    NSLog(@"注册失败");
                }
            }];
        }else if ([[UIDevice currentDevice].systemVersion floatValue] >=8.0){
            //iOS8 - iOS10
            [application registerUserNotificationSettings:[UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge categories:nil]];
            
        }else if ([[UIDevice currentDevice].systemVersion floatValue] < 8.0) {
            //iOS8系统以下
            [application registerForRemoteNotificationTypes:UIRemoteNotificationTypeBadge | UIRemoteNotificationTypeAlert | UIRemoteNotificationTypeSound];
        }
        // 注册获得device Token
        [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotifications];
        
    }

    • 获取DeviceToken

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      #pragma  mark - 获取device Token
      //获取DeviceToken成功
      - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken{
          //正确写法
          NSString *deviceString = [[deviceToken description] stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"<>"]];
          deviceString = [deviceString stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@""];
          NSLog(@"deviceToken===========%@",deviceString);
      }
      //获取DeviceToken失败
      - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)error{
          NSLog(@"[DeviceToken Error]:%@\n",error.description);
      }

    • 值得一提的是iOS10更新后，在<UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate>中有两个处理通知接受和点击事件的方法

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      @protocol UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate <NSObject>
      @optional
      // The method will be called on the delegate only if the application is in the foreground. If the method is not implemented or the handler is not called in a timely manner then the notification will not be presented. The application can choose to have the notification presented as a sound, badge, alert and/or in the notification list. This decision should be based on whether the information in the notification is otherwise visible to the user.
      - (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions options))completionHandler __IOS_AVAILABLE(10.0) __TVOS_AVAILABLE(10.0) __WATCHOS_AVAILABLE(3.0);
      // The method will be called on the delegate when the user responded to the notification by opening the application, dismissing the notification or choosing a UNNotificationAction. The delegate must be set before the application returns from applicationDidFinishLaunching:.
      - (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response withCompletionHandler:(void(^)())completionHandler __IOS_AVAILABLE(10.0) __WATCHOS_AVAILABLE(3.0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
      @end

    在iOS10里面，本地通知与远程通知合二为一，在新的UNPushNotificationTrigger这个新类中，我们可以得到一些触发条件

    • UNPushNotificationTrigger(远程通知) ：远程推送的通知类型
    • UNTimeIntervalNotificationTrigger(本地通知)：一定时间后，重复或不重复推送通知
    • UNCalendarNotificationTrigger(本地通知)：在一固定日期，重复或不重复推送
    • UNLocationNotificationTrigger(本地通知)：地理位置的一种通知，当用户进入或离开一个地理区域来通知。

    iOS10中接受通知回调是这样用的

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    // iOS 10收到通知
    - (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions options))completionHandler{
        NSDictionary * userInfo = notification.request.content.userInfo;
        UNNotificationRequest *request = notification.request; // 收到推送的请求
        UNNotificationContent *content = request.content; // 收到推送的消息内容
        NSNumber *badge = content.badge;  // 推送消息的角标
        NSString *body = content.body;    // 推送消息体
        UNNotificationSound *sound = content.sound;  // 推送消息的声音
        NSString *subtitle = content.subtitle;  // 推送消息的副标题
        NSString *title = content.title;  // 推送消息的标题
        if([notification.request.trigger isKindOfClass:[UNPushNotificationTrigger class]]) {
            NSLog(@"iOS10 前台收到远程通知:%@", [self logDic:userInfo]);
        }
        else {
            // 判断为本地通知
            NSLog(@"iOS10 前台收到本地通知:{\\\\nbody:%@，\\\\ntitle:%@,\\\\nsubtitle:%@,\\\\nbadge：%@，\\\\nsound：%@，\\\\nuserInfo：%@\\\\n}",body,title,subtitle,badge,sound,userInfo);
        }
        completionHandler(UNNotificationPresentationOptionBadge|UNNotificationPresentationOptionSound|UNNotificationPresentationOptionAlert); // 需要执行这个方法，选择是否提醒用户，有Badge、Sound、Alert三种类型可以设置
    }
      // 通知的点击事件
    (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response withCompletionHandler:(void(^)())completionHandler{
    NSDictionary * userInfo = response.notification.request.content.userInfo;
    UNNotificationRequest *request = response.notification.request; // 收到推送的请求
    UNNotificationContent *content = request.content; // 收到推送的消息内容
    NSNumber *badge = content.badge;  // 推送消息的角标
    NSString *body = content.body;    // 推送消息体
    UNNotificationSound *sound = content.sound;  // 推送消息的声音
    NSString *subtitle = content.subtitle;  // 推送消息的副标题
    NSString *title = content.title;  // 推送消息的标题
    if([response.notification.request.trigger isKindOfClass:[UNPushNotificationTrigger class]]) {
        NSLog(@"iOS10 收到远程通知:%@", [self logDic:userInfo]);
    }
    else {
        // 判断为本地通知
        NSLog(@"iOS10 收到本地通知:{\\nbody:%@，\\ntitle:%@,\\nsubtitle:%@,\\nbadge：%@，\\nsound：%@，\\nuserInfo：%@\\n}",body,title,subtitle,badge,sound,userInfo);
    }
    // Warning: UNUserNotificationCenter delegate received call to -userNotificationCenter:didReceiveNotificationResponse:withCompletionHandler: but the completion handler was never called.
    completionHandler();  // 系统要求执行这个方法
      }
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    **这里需要提到的是，如果我们不写completionHandler（）这个方法，可能会报错误**
    * 在iOS10之前，本地通知创建是这样的：
    ```objective-c
    - (void)sendLocalNotifi { 
    // 添加本地通知
         UILocalNotification *localNoti = [[UILocalNotification alloc] init];
         NSDate *Date = [NSDate date];
         localNoti.fireDate = Date; // 发送通知时间 这里没做具体处理，若是要推送时间无误差，时间要精确到秒。
         localNoti.timeZone = [NSTimeZone localTimeZone];     // 设置时区 默认时区
         localNoti.repeatInterval = NSCalendarUnitSecond;     // 发送通知的间隔
         localNoti.alertTitle = @"iOS10之前的本地通知";                      // 弹窗title
         localNoti.alertBody = @"搞事了搞事了";               // 弹窗body显示内容
         localNoti.soundName = UILocalNotificationDefaultSoundName;
         localNoti.alertLaunchImage = @"1.jpg"; // 用于点击启动显示启动页，必须是 UILaunchImageFile
         localNoti.userInfo = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"value", @"key", nil];
         //    localNoti.soundName = @"1";                       // 响铃音乐文件名称， 放在main bundle 里边
          localNoti.applicationIconBadgeNumber = 2;         // app 的未读消息个数
         [[UIApplication sharedApplication] cancelAllLocalNotifications];
         [[UIApplication sharedApplication] scheduleLocalNotification:localNoti];    // 按照指定时间发送通知
         // [[UIApplication sharedApplication] presentLocalNotificationNow:localNoti];  // 立即发送通知
     }
    • 而在iOS10之后，通知创建变成了这样：
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    UNMutableNotificationContent *content = [[UNMutableNotificationContent alloc] init];
        content.title = @"iOS10之后啦";
        content.subtitle = @"搞事了";
        content.body = @"123~";
        content.badge = @0;
        NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"image1" ofType:@"png"];
        NSError *error = nil;
    //将本地图片的路径形成一个图片附件，加入到content中
        UNNotificationAttachment *img_attachment = [UNNotificationAttachment attachmentWithIdentifier:@"att1" URL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:path] options:nil error:&error];
        if (error) {
            NSLog(@"%@", error);
        }
        content.attachments = @[img_attachment];
        //设置为@""以后，进入app将没有启动页
        content.launchImageName = @"";
        UNNotificationSound *sound = [UNNotificationSound defaultSound];
        content.sound = sound;
        //设置时间间隔的触发器
        UNTimeIntervalNotificationTrigger *time_trigger = [UNTimeIntervalNotificationTrigger triggerWithTimeInterval:10 repeats:NO];
        NSString *requestIdentifer = @"time interval request";
        content.categoryIdentifier = @"";
        UNNotificationRequest *request = [UNNotificationRequest requestWithIdentifier:requestIdentifer content:content trigger:time_trigger];
        [[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] addNotificationRequest:request withCompletionHandler:^(NSError * _Nullable error) {
            NSLog(@"%@",error);
        }];

    ​

结语

至此，本地通知创建就结束了，经过测试发现

  • iOS10之前的推送，app在前台的时候，通知虽然会执行回调，但是并不会在主界面显示推送按钮
  • iOS10之前的推送，现在仍可以使用，感觉还挺方便的。

参考

Neo_joke的简书文章

徐不同的简书文章